Chapter 10. Angels are sent forth on ministrations to God and Christ, not primarily to men, though for the good of "those who are about to inherit salvation" (so the Greek): the elect, who believe, or shall believe, for whom all things, angels included, work together for good ( Romans 8:28 ). Fulfilled at the resurrection of Jesus, whereby the Father "declared," that is, made manifest His divine Sonship, heretofore veiled by His humiliation ( Acts 13:33 , Romans 1:4 ). God spake to his ancient people at sundry times, through successive generations, and in divers manners, as he thought proper; sometimes by personal directions, sometimes by dreams, sometimes by visions, sometimes by Divine influences on the minds of the prophets. He Made Purification of Sins Maundy Thursday. Those who hunger for the truth of His inspired Word will be helped and encouraged by the insights this commentary offers in understanding, appreciating, and applying the eternal message of this inspired book of the Scriptures. The ardor of Spirit in this Epistle, as in First John, bursting forth at once into the subject (without prefatory inscription of name and greeting), the more effectively strikes the hearers. . Outline: I. Christ is Godâs revelation to the world (1-4) II. fold them up--So the Septuagint, Psalms 102:26 ; but the Hebrew, "change them." Hebrews 1:8 "But unto the Son [he saith], Thy throne, O God, [is] for ever and ever: a scepter of righteousness [is] the scepter of thy kingdom." Hebrews 1:1. EXEGESIS: THE CONTEXT: The author identified neither himself nor the people to whom he was writing. They--The earth and the heavens in their present state and form "shall perish" ( Hebrews 12:26 Hebrews 12:27 , 2 Peter 3:13 ). Christmas is the Festival of the Incarnation. As "spirits" implies the wind-like velocity and subtle nature of the cherubim, so "flame of fire" expresses the burning devotion and intense all-consuming zeal of the adoring seraphim (meaning "burning), Isaiah 6:1 . International Bible Lesson Commentary Hebrews 1:1-9 (Hebrews 1:1) In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, The heavens declare the glory of God without words (see Psalm 19). Israel, in the Babylonian captivity, in the hundred second Psalm, casts her hopes of deliverance on Messiah, the unchanging covenant God of Israel. Mar 31, 1996. Volume 1 covers Hebrews chapters 1-8. Article Images Copyright © 2021 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. PREVIOUS NEXT. thy God--JEROME, AUGUSTINE, and others translate Psalms 45:7 , "O God, Thy God, hath anointed thee," whereby Christ is addressed as God. We never can be thankful enough that God has in so many ways, and with such increasing clearness, spoken to us fallen sinners concerning salvation. It celebrates the birth of the baby Jesus. Proud member
works of thine hands--the heavens, as a woven veil or curtain spread out. "Perish" does not mean annihilation; just as it did not mean so in the case of "the world that being overflowed with water, perished" under Noah ( 2 Peter 3:6 ). The date must have been while the temple was yet standing, before its destruction, A.D. 70; some time before the martyrdom of Peter, who mentions this Epistle of Paul ( 2 Peter 3:15 2 Peter 3:16 ); at a time when many of the first hearers of the Lord were dead. The Hebrews believe that the law from God came by *angels. 12:6, 8; Joel 2:28 in various ways spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets, 2 has in these last days spoken to us by His Son, whom He has appointed heir of all things, through whom also He made the worlds; 3 # John 1:14 who being the brightness of His glory and the express # 2 Cor. There have many attempts to deduce the author of this book, yet nothing definitive. better--by His exaltation by the Father ( Hebrews 1:3 Hebrews 1:13 ):in contrast to His being "made lower than the angels" ( Hebrews 2:9 ). There are no apologetics, no hint of ⦠iniquity--"unnrighteousness." Chapter 5. Angels' ministrations are not properly rendered to men, since the latter have no power of commanding them, though their ministrations to God are often directed to the good of men. Copyright © 2021, Bible Study Tools. Noté /5. The image is drawn from the custom of anointing guests at feasts ( Psalms 23:5 ); or rather of anointing kings: not until His ascension did He assume the kingdom as Son of man. The Greek implies, He not only appointed His Son heir of all things before creation, but He also (better than "also He") made by Him the worlds. All appellations are but fragments of its glory beams united in it as in a central sun, Revelation 19:12 . Verse-by-Verse Bible Commentary Hebrews. "Christ is preached even in passages where many might contend that the Father was principally intended" [BENGEL]. 47a, Hebrews 1-8 (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Thomas Nelson, 1991), lxvii. this day have I begotten thee--( Psalms 2:7 ). Background of the Book. For--substantiating His having "obtained a more excellent name than the angels." And let us own and honour him as God; for if he had not been God, he had never done the Mediator's work, and had never worn the Mediator's crown. However, the content of the book, including the frequent references to the Hebrew Scriptures, makes it clear that he was writing to Jewish Christians who were sorely tempted to leave the Christian church and revert to Jewish worship. They "all," how ever various their ranks, "minister"; He is ministered to. (4-14). They could not show us God as Jesus has done. He is "the Son of God" is a sense far exalted above that in which angels are called "sons of God" ( Job 1:6 , 38:7 ). 3. Who being--by pre-existent and essential being. Scripture: Hebrews 1:1â4. a. Jesus is the end of all prophecy ( Revelation 19:10 ), and of the law of Moses ( John 1:17 , 5:46 ). Scripture Hebrews 1 Sort Bible Verse. When He pleases, He makes them to sit ( Judges 6:11 ); at other times to stand ( Isaiah 6:2 ); at times to resemble women ( Zechariah 5:9 ); at other times to resemble men ( Genesis 18:2 ); at times He makes them 'spirits'; at times, fire." Biblical Commentary (Bible study) Hebrews 1:1-12. First, In creating the world (Hebrews 1:10): And thou, Lord, in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the earth, and the heavens are the work of thy hands. They looked upon them as mediators between God and men, and some went so far as to pay them a kind of religious homage or worship. Chapter 2. But as the whole theocracy was of Messianic import, the triumph of David over Hadadezer and neighboring kings ( 2 Samuel 8:1-18 , Psalms 2:2 Psalms 2:3 Psalms 2:9-12 ) is a type of God's ultimately subduing all enemies under His Son. The Spirit, by Paul, treats the Hebrew of the Old Testament, with independence of handling, presenting the divine truth in various aspects; sometimes as here sanctioning the Septuagint (compare Isaiah 34:4 , Revelation 6:14 ); sometimes the Hebrew; sometimes varying from both. The forty-fifth Psalm in its first meaning was addressed to Solomon; but the Holy Spirit inspired the writer to use language which in its fulness can only apply to the antitypical Solomon, the true Royal Head of the theocracy. laid the foundation of--"firmly founded" is included in the idea of the Greek. 4. 1 God, who at various times and # Num. Chapter 11. THE HIGHEST OF ALL REVELATIONS IS GIVEN US NOW IN THE SON OF GOD, WHO IS GREATER THAN THE ANGELS, AND WHO, HAVING COMPLETED REDEMPTION, SITS ENTHRONED AT GOD'S RIGHT HAND. 1 In many and various ways God spoke of old to our fathers by the prophets; 2 but in these last days he has spoken to us by [his] Son, whom he appointed the heir of all things, through whom also he created the world. (1-2a) Jesus brought a revelation superior to the prophets of old. In the Pauline method, the statement of subject and the division are put before the discussion; and at the close, the practical follows the doctrinal portion. CHAPTER 1. 12. vesture--Greek, "an enwrapping cloak." Christ will fold up this world as a garment, not to be abused any longer, not to be used as it has been. Scripture: Hebrews 1:1â4. ministers." Commentary on Hebrews 1:1-4. the wings of the wind." © 2021 Christianity.com. . In the Greek, "again" is transposed; but this does not oblige us, as ALFORD thinks, to translate, "when He again shall have introduced," &c. namely, at Christ's second coming; for there is no previous mention of a first bringing in; and "again" is often used in quotations, not to be joined with the verb, but parenthetically ("that I may again quote Scripture"). thou art the same--( Isaiah 46:4 , Malachi 3:6 ). The Epistle to the Hebrews is one of the most beautiful ones of the NT. (1-3) And in his superiority to all the holy angels. But, how much greater things are said of Christ by the Father! as . Let the thoughts of this make us watchful, diligent, and desirous of that better world. There are many other ways that angels minister to the people of God, but the key point is that our Lord uses these beings for our benefit. They "stand" ( Luke 1:19 ) before God, or are "sent forth" to execute the divine commands on behalf of them whom He pleases to save; He "sits on the right hand of the Majesty on high" ( Hebrews 1:3 Hebrews 1:13 ). "In one way He was seen by Abraham, in another by Moses, in another by Elias, and in another by Micah; Isaiah, Daniel, and Ezekiel, beheld different forms" [THEODORET]. Verse 1. The translation, "maketh winds His messengers, and a flame of fire His ministers (! Compare 1 Timothy 3:16 , "seen of angels"; God manifesting Messiah as one to be gazed at with adoring love by heavenly intelligences ( Ephesians 3:10 , 2 Thessalonians 1:9 2 Thessalonians 1:10 , 1 Peter 3:22 ). The covenant of the possession of the earth was renewed with Noah and his seed on the renovated earth. Hebrews 1:3 "Who being the brightness of [his] glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high;" âBrightnessâ The term is used only here in the New Testament. But the context refers to a definite point of time, namely, that of His having entered on the inheritance ( Hebrews 1:4 ). Hebrews 1 Commentary, One of over 110 Bible commentaries freely available, this commentary is one of the books most valued by expositors of the New Testament. The communication of the divine essence in its fulness, involves eternal generation; for the divine essence has no beginning. The manifestations of God by angels (and even by the angel of the covenant) at different times in the Old Testament, did not bring man and God into personal union, as the manifestation of God in human flesh does. Sin has made a great change in the world for the worse, and Christ will make a great change in it for the better. 1. at sundry times--Greek, "in many portions." Verses 1 and 2 explain that God spoke through prophets in the past, and speaks now through Jesus Christ. Chapter 12 . The Septuagint, "in the beginning" (as in Genesis 1:1 ) answers by contrast to the end implied in "They shall perish," &c. The Greek order here (not in the Septuagint) is, "Thou in the beginning, O Lord," which throws the "Lord" into emphasis. And--In another passage ( Psalms 102:25-27 ) He says. Now the excellency of the gospel revelation above the former consists in two things:â1. The writer, though not inscribing his name, was well known to those addressed ( Hebrews 13:19 ). Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. (Hebrews 1:1) Like the Fourth Gospel and the Book of Genesis, this epistle begins with God. The glory of His person and nature, gave to his sufferings such merit as was a full satisfaction to the honour of God, who suffered an infinite injury and affront by the sins of men. Hebrews 1. From the glory of the person and office of Christ, we proceed to the glory of his grace. In Deuteronomy 32:43 , the Septuagint has, "Let all the angels of God worship Him," words not now found in the Hebrew. What does Hebrews 1:1 mean? Hebrews 1:1-4. 6. 13. 11. CONSIDER JESUS OUR GREAT HIGH PRIEST Click chart to enlarge Charts from Jensen's Survey of the NT - used by permission. Retrouvez Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews, Volume 1... - Primary Source Edition et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. unto which--A frequent argument in this Epistle is derived from the silence of Scripture ( Hebrews 1:13 , Hebrews 2:16 , Hebrews 7:3 Hebrews 7:14 ) [BENGEL]. Recipients, Author and Time of Writing. Christ is exalted above the angels (5-14) I. Verses 1-4. The "bringing the first-begotten into the world" ( Hebrews 1:6 ), is not subsequent, as ALFORD thinks, to Hebrews 1:5 , but anterior to it (compare Acts 2:30-35 ). shall not fail--Hebrew, "shall not end." . 5. Commentary on Hebrews 1:4-14 (Read Hebrews 1:4-14) Many Jews had a superstitious or idolatrous respect for angels, because they had received the law and other tidings of the Divine will by their ministry. Of ⦠THE HIGHEST OF ALL REVELATIONS IS GIVEN US NOW IN THE SON OF GOD, WHO IS GREATER THAN THE ANGELS, AND WHO, HAVING COMPLETED REDEMPTION, SITS ENTHRONED AT GOD'S RIGHT HAND. 2. in these last days--In the oldest manuscripts the Greek is. 1. whom "He is not ashamed to call His brethren," but above the angels, fellow partakers in part with Him, though infinitely His inferiors, in the glories, holiness, and joys of heaven; "sons of God," and angel "messengers," though subordinate to the divine Angel--"Messenger of the covenant"). 6 William L. Lane, Word Biblical Commentary Vol. Hebrews 1:1-14 . "His majesty is set forth: (1) Absolutely by the very name "Son," and by three glorious predicates, "whom He hath appointed," "by whom He made the worlds," "who sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high;" thus His course is described from the beginning of all things till he reached the goal ( Hebrews 1:2 Hebrews 1:3 ). Heb 1:1-14.T HE H IGHEST OF A LL R EVELATIONS I S G IVEN U S N OW IN THE S ON OF G OD, W HO I S G REATER THAN THE A NGELS, AND W HO, H AVING C OMPLETED R EDEMPTION, S ITS E NTHRONED AT G OD'S R IGHT H AND.. angels were designed by God to be subject to Him. (Compare Numbers 12:6-8 ). We'll send you an email with steps on how to reset your password. Quotation from Psalms 110:1 . For proofs of Paul being the author, see my Introduction. God, having of old time spoken unto the fathers in the prophets by divers portions and in divers manners. sent forth--present participle: "being sent forth" continually, as their regular service in all ages. Commentary on Hebrews 1:1-4 [5-12] View Bible Text . Hebrews 1:14 , "ministering spirits," favors English Version here. The letter is primarily written to Jewish believers, who placed great importance on the prophets of the Old Testament. Initial impressions of Hebrews might suggest that the writer is detached from any context. Not only this proves His superiority, BUT a more decisive proof is Psalms 97:7 , which shows that not only at His resurrection, but also in prospect of His being brought into the world (compare Hebrews 9:11 , 10:5 ) as man, in His incarnation, nativity ( Luke 2:9-14 ), temptation ( Matthew 4:10 Matthew 4:11 ), resurrection ( Matthew 28:2 ), and future second advent in glory. Book List. God gave his name great honour when he raised him from the dead. A mortal king speaks by his ambassador, not (as the King of kings) in his ambassador. . Hebrews 12:1 Commentary. Chapter 1. But they shall be made his footstool, by humble submission, or by utter destruction. In the Psalms 104:3 Psalms 104:4 , the subject in each clause comes first, and the attribute predicated of it second; so the Greek article here marks "angels" and "ministers" as the subjects, and "winds" and "flame of fire," predicates, Schemoth Rabba says, "God is called God of Zebaoth (the heavenly hosts), because He does what He pleases with His angels. [â See verse text â] Hebrews begins with a reference to God's communication with mankind. It is declared how Christ was qualified for the office of Mediator, and how he was confirmed in it: he has the name Messiah from his being anointed. The type David, in the Psalms 89:27 (quoted in Hebrews 1:5 ), is called "God's first-born, higher than the kings of the earth"; so the antitypical first-begotten, the son of David, is to be worshipped by all inferior lords, such as angels ("gods," Psalms 97:7 ); for He is "King of kings and Lord of lords" ( Revelation 19:16 ). a garment--( Isaiah 51:6 ). remainest--through (so the Greek) all changes. Matthew Henry’s Bible Commentary (concise), Matthew Henry Bible Commentary (complete), California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. [ a] But you are ( V)the same, and your years will have no end.â. Godâs Supreme Revelation. changed--as one lays aside a garment to put on another. spirits--or "winds": Who employeth His angels as the winds, His ministers as the lightnings; or, He maketh His angelic ministers the directing powers of winds and flames, when these latter are required to perform His will. The image is taken from the custom of conquerors putting the feet on the necks of the conquered ( Joshua 10:24 Joshua 10:25 ). In Christ, the revelation of God is full, not in shifting hues of separated color, but Himself the pure light, uniting in His one person the whole spectrum ( Hebrews 1:3 ). The gospel revelation is excellent above the former; in that it is a revelation which God has made by his Son. "Worship Him all ye gods" ("gods," that is, exalted beings, as angels), refers to God; but it was universally admitted among the Hebrews that God would dwell, in a peculiar sense, in Messiah (so as to be in the Talmud phrase, "capable of being pointed to with the finger"); and so what was said of God was true of, and to be fulfilled in, Messiah. General . They looked upon them as mediators between God and men, and some went so far as to pay them a kind of religious homage or worship. . "The sun is never seen without effulgence, nor the Father without the Son" [THEOPHYLACT]. Hebrews 1:1-14. "Light of (from) light" [Nicene Creed]. 1 In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, 2 but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed heir of all things, and through whom also he made the universe. . "Maketh" implies that, however exalted, they are but creatures, whereas the Son is the Creator ( Hebrews 1:10 ):not begotten from everlasting, nor to be worshipped, as the Son ( Revelation 14:7 , Revelation 22:8 Revelation 22:9 ). As "the first-begotten" He has the rights of primogeniture ( Romans 8:29 ); Colossians 1:15 Colossians 1:16 Colossians 1:18 ). The Rabbins divided the whole of time into "this age," or "world," and "the age to come" ( Hebrews 2:5 , 6:5 ). It is the final, the finishing revelation, given forth in the last days of divine revelation, to which nothing is to be added, but the canon of scripture is to be settled and sealed: so that now the minds of men are no longer kept in suspense by the expectation of new discoveries, but they rejoice in a complete revelation of the will of ⦠A name that no than knew but He Himself.". 1. Watch our overview video on the book of Hebrews, which breaks down the literary design of the book and its flow of thought. Another passage of Scripture, Psalm 12:25-27, is recited, in which the Almighty power of the Lord Jesus Christ is declared, both in creating the world and in changing it. "Who is so senseless as to doubt concerning the eternal being of the Son? It is because He is the brightness, &c., and because He upholds, &c., that He sat down on the right hand, &c. It was a return to His divine glory ( John 6:62 , 17:5 ; compare Wisdom 7:25,26, where similar things are said of wisdom). Hebrews 1:13â14. 9. The writer, though not inscribing his name, was well known to those addressed ().For proofs of Paul being the author, see ⦠They could not ⦠The Old Testament revelations were fragmentary in substance, and manifold in form; the very multitude of prophets shows that they prophesied only in part. For proofs of Paul being the author, see my Introduction. 2 But in these last days, he has spoken to us in his Son. He decided that everything should belong to his Son. the fathers--the Jewish fathers. INSTRUCTION Hebrews 1-10:18: EXHORTATION Hebrews 10:19-13:25: Superior Person of Christ Hebrews 1:1-4:13: Superior Priest in Christ Hebrews ⦠In this, Jesus is superior to the *angels. The Epistle to the Hebrews. brightness of his glory--Greek, the effulgence of His glory. "At the last part of these days." As God (the Father) is introduced as having spoken here; so God the Son, Hebrews 2:3 ; God the Holy Ghost, Hebrews 3:7 . Thus He is antitype to Solomon, "chosen of all David's many sons to sit upon the throne of the kingdom of the Lord over Israel," even as His father David was chosen before all the house of his father's sons. Achetez neuf ou d'occasion righteousness--Everlasting duration and righteousness go together ( Psalms 45:2 , 89:14 ). 7. of--The Greek is rather, "In reference TO the angels." James. "Better," that is, superior to. by his Son--Greek, "IN (His) Son" ( John 14:10 ). 14. ministering spirits--referring to Hebrews 1:7 , "spirits . Hebrews 12 Resources. English Version, "maketh His angels spirits," means, He maketh them of a subtle, incorporeal nature, swift as the wind. English Version is correct (compare Matthew 5:33 ; Greek, John 12:39 ). by--Greek, "in." 13 And to which of the angels has he ever said, ( W)âSit at my right hand. Believers, who placed great importance on the whole world and everything that is. 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